Εισαγωγή
1. “1,001 Blistering Future Summers,” Climate Central, July 9, 2014, https://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/CityFutureTemps-PressRelease.pdf.
2. “Medical Alert! Climate Change Is Harming Our Health,” Medical Society Consortium on Climate & Health, March 15, 2017, https://medsocietiesforclimatehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/medical_alert.pdf.
3. Ibid.
4. David Herring and Rebecca Lindsey, “Global Warming Frequently Asked Questions,” Climate.gov, October 29, 2020, https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/global-warming-frequently-asked-questions.
5. “Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5 ºC—Summary for Policymakers,” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2018, https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/.
6. Ibid.
7. “2020 Was Earth’s 2nd-Hottest Year, Just Behind 2016,” National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, January 14, 2020, https://www.noaa.gov/news/2020-was-earth-s-2nd-hottest-year-just-behind-2016.
8. Brian Barnett and Amit Anand, “Climate Anxiety and Mental Illness,” Scientific American, October 10, 2020, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/climate-anxiety-and-mental-illness/.
9. Prathik Kini et al., “The Effects of Gratitude Expression on Neural Activity,” NeuroImage 128 (March 2016): 1–10, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/
abs/pii/S1053811915011532.
ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 1
Οικολογικό Άγχος
1. Jenni Gritters, “What Is Eco-Anxiety?” REI Co-op Journal, December 12, 2019, https://www.rei.com/blog/news/what-is-eco-anxiety.
2. “Greta Thunberg: The Rebellion Has Begun,” Medium, October 31, 2018, https://medium.com/wedonthavetime/the-rebellion-has-begun-d1bffe31d3b5.
3. Mike Pearl, “‘Climate Despair’ Is Making People Give Up on Life,” Vice, July 11, 2019, https://www.vice.com/en/article/j5w374/climate-despair-is-making-people-give-up-on-life.
4. Susan Clayton Whitmore-Williams et al., “Mental Health and Our Changing Climate: Impacts, Implications, and Guidance,” American Psychological Association, March 2017, https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2017/03/mental-health-climate.pdf.
5. Abel Gustafson et al., “A Growing Majority of Americans Think Global Warming Is Happening and Are Worried,” Yale Program on Climate Change Communication, February 21, 2019, https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/a-growing-majority-of-americans-think-global-warming-is-happening-and-are-worried/.
6. “New APA Poll Reveals That Americans Are Increasingly Anxious about Climate Change’s Impact on Planet, Mental Health,” American Psychiatric Association, October 21, 2020, https://www.psychiatry.org/newsroom/news-releases/climate-poll-2020.
7. John Watson, “Climate Concern Fuels the Rise of ‘Eco-Anxiety,’” Medscape, July 8, 2019, https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/915145.
8. Marco Garcia, “The Most Jaw-Droppingly Beautiful Beaches You Can Visit in Hawaii,” Thrillist, May 31, 2019, https://www.thrillist.com/lifestyle/honolulu/best-beaches-in-hawaii.
9. Craig K. Chandler, “How Family Size Shapes Your Carbon Footprint,” Yale Climate Connections, March 29, 2019, https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2019/03/how-family-size-shapes-your-carbon-footprint.
10. Dani Blum, “How Climate Anxiety Is Shaping Family Planning,” New York Times, January 27, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/parenting/climate-change-having-kids.html.
11. Katie O’Reilly, “To Have or Not to Have Children in the Age of Climate Change,” Sierra, November 1, 2019, https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/2019-6-november-december/feature/have-or-not-have-children-age-climate-change.
12. “California Statewide Fire Summary,” CAL FIRE, October 30, 2017, https://web.archive.org/web/20180602170815/http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/communications_StatewideFireSummary.
13. “Thomas Fire Information and Updates,” County of Santa Barbara, https://www.countyofsb.org/thomasfire.sbc.
14. Christopher Weber and Daniel Dreifuss, “13 Dead in Southern California as Rain Triggers Mudslides,” AP, January 9, 2018, https://apnews.com/60bdabd547a540b0b7
2da785739a9033.
15. Avichai Scher, “‘Climate Grief’: The Growing Emotional Toll of Climate Change,” NBC News, December 24, 2018, https://www.nbcnews.com/health/mental-health/climate-grief-growing-emotional-toll-climate-change-n946751.
16. Eliza Barclay and Brian Resnick, “How Big Was the Global Climate Strike? 4 Million People, Activists Estimate,” Vox, September 22, 2019, https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate.
17. “Good Grief Network,” Patreon, https://www.patreon.com/GoodGriefNetwork.
18. Daisy Simmons, “Climate Change Support Group Launches,” Yale Climate Connections, November 28, 2016, https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2016/11/climate-change-support-group-launches.
19. Judy Wu, Gaelen Snell, and Hasina Samji, “Climate Anxiety in Young People: A Call to Action,” Lancet Planetary Health 4, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): E435–E436, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(20)30223-0/fulltext.
20. Catherine Pearson, “How to Talk to Your Kids about Climate Change Without Giving Them Anxiety,” HuffPost, November 4, 2019, https://www.huffpost.com/
entry/how-to-talk-to-your-kids-about-climate-change-without-giving-themanxiety_l_5db9d7
5de4b00d83f7218b16.
21. Ibid.
22. Mary Democker, “So Your Kids Are Stressed Out About the Climate Crisis: Here’s How to Help,” Sierra, January 25, 2020, https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/so-your-kids-are-stressed-out-about-climate-crisis.
23. Ibid.
24. Susan S. Lang, “Camping, Hiking, and Fishing in the Wild as a Child Breeds Respect for Environment in Adults, Study Finds,” Cornell Chronicle, March 13, 2006, https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2006/03/wild-nature-play-age-11-fosters-adult-environme
ntalism.
25. “What Is Ecotherapy?” Earthbody Institute, https://www.theearthbodyinstitute.com/
ecotherapy.
26. “Ecotherapy/Nature Therapy,” GoodTherapy, August 15, 2018, https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/econature-therapy.
27. MaryCarol R. Hunter, Brenda W. Gillespie, and Sophie Yu-Pu Chen, “Urban Nature Experiences Reduce Stress in the Context of Daily Life Based on Salivary Biomarkers,” Frontiers in Psychology, April 4, 2019, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389 /fpsyg.2019.00722/full.
28. “MaryCarol Hunter: Feeling Stressed? Take a ‘Nature Pill,’” Michigan News, University of Michigan, April 8, 2020, https://news.umich.edu/feeling-stressed-take-a-nature-pill-says-u-m-researcher/.
ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 2
Φυσικές Καταστροφές, Ψυχικά Τραύματα & Ευγνωμοσύνη
1. Christine Vestal, “‘Katrina Brain’: The Invisible Long-Term Toll of Megastorms,” Politico, October 12, 2017, https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/10/12/psychological-toll-natural-disasters-000547.
2. Knvul Sheikh, “Natural Disasters Take a Toll on Mental Health,” BrainFacts.org, June 29, 2018, https://www.brainfacts.org/diseases-and-disorders/mental-health/2018/natural-disasters-take-a-toll-on-mental-health-062818.
3. “How to Cope with Traumatic Stress,” American Psychological Association, October 30, 2019, https://www.apa.org/topics/trauma/stress.
4. Barbara Brody, “How to Tell if You Have Normal Post-Traumatic Stress or Something More Serious,” Health.com, October 31, 2018, https://www.health.com/condition/ptsd/ptsd-or-normal-post-traumatic-stress.
5. Matthew J. Friedman, MD, PhD, “PTSD History and Overview,” National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional
/treat/essentials/history_ptsd.asp.
6. Jitender Sareen, “Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults: Impact, Comorbidity, Risk Factors, and Treatment,” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 59, no 9 (September 2014): 460–67, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4168808.
7. Sri Warsini and Caryn West, “The Psychological Impact of Natural Disasters among Adult Survivors: An Integrative Review,”Issues in Mental Health Nursing 35, no. 6 (June 2014): 420–36, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264636089_The_Psychosocial_Impact_
of_Natural_Disasters_among_Adult_Survivors_An_Integrative_Review.
8. Son Chae Kim et al., “Medium-Term Post-Katrina Health Sequelae among New Orleans Residents: Predictors of Poor Mental and Physical Health,” Journal of Clinical Nursing 17, no. 17 (September 2008): 2335–42, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18705709/.
9. Karen B. DeSalvo et al., “Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a New Orleans Workforce Following Hurricane Katrina,” Journal of Urban Health 84, no. 2 (March 2007): 142–52, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2231633/.
10. Y. Neria, A. Nandi, and S. Galea, “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Following Disasters: A Systematic Review,” Psychological Medicine 38, no. 4 (April 2008): 467–80, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4877688.
11. Orla T. Muldoon et al., “The Social Psychology of Responses to Trauma: Social Identity Pathways Associated with Divergent Traumatic Responses,” European Review of Social Psychology 30, no. 1 (2019): 311–48, https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1711628.
12. “What Is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?” American Psychiatric Association, https:// www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ptsd/what-is-ptsd.
13. “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder,” National Institute of Mental Health, 2020, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.s
html.
14. Dale Vernor, “PTSD Is More Likely in Women Than Men,” National Alliance on Mental Illness, October 8, 2019, https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/October-2019/PTSD-is-More-Likely-in-Women-Than-Men.
15. Ju-Yeon Lee, Sung-Wan Kim, and Jae-Min Kim, “The Impact of Community Disaster Trauma: A Focus on Emerging Research of PTSD and Other Mental Health Outcomes,” Chonnam Medical Journal 56, no. 2 (May 2020): 99–107, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7250671.
16. Dan W. Grupe and Jack B. Nitschke, “Uncertainty and Anticipation in Anxiety,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 14, no. 7 (July 2013): 488–501, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4276319.
17. Ibid.
18. “What Is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?” PTSD Alliance, http://www.ptsdalliance.org/about-ptsd/.
19. Homepage, PTSD Alliance, http://www.ptsdalliance.org/.
20. “10 Unexpected Physical Symptoms of PTSD,” PTSDUK, https://www.ptsduk.org/10-unexpected-physical-symptoms-of-ptsd/.
21. J. Douglas Bremner, MD, “Traumatic Stress: Effects on the Brain,” Dialogues in Clinical
Neuroscience 8, no. 4 (December 2006): 445–61, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181836/.
22. Les Christie, “Which Natural Disaster Will Likely Destroy Your Home?” CNN Money, June 19, 2014, https://money.cnn.com/2014/06/19/pf/insurance/natural-disaster-risk/index.html.
23. Ibid.
24. “Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Overview,” National Centers for Environmental Information, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/.
25. J. T. Houghton et al., eds., “Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis,” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001, https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WGI_TAR_full_report.pdf.
26. “Global Warming and Hurricanes,” Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, March 29, 2021, https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/global-warming-and-hurricanes/.
27. Robinson Meyer, “What’s Happening With the Relief Effort in Puerto Rico?” Atlantic, October 4, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/10/what-happened-in-puerto-rico-a-timeline-of-hurricane-maria/541956/.
28. Michon Scott, “Hurricane Maria’s Devastation of Puerto Rico,” Climate.gov, August 1, 2018, https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/hurricane-marias-devastation-puerto-rico.
29. Gary S. Votaw, “Tropical Storm Maria Floods Puerto Rico,” Weather.gov, https://www.weather.gov/media/sju/events/others/Maria.pdf.
30. Scott, “Hurricane Maria’s Devastation of Puerto Rico.”
31. Votaw, “Tropical Storm Maria Floods Puerto Rico.”
32. Scott, “Hurricane Maria’s Devastation of Puerto Rico.”
33. “Save the Children Helping Children Fully Recover Two Years After Hurricane Maria,” Save the Children, September 20, 2019, https://www.savethechildren.org/us/about-us/media-and-news/2019-press-releases/children-recover-two-years-after-hurricane-maria.
34. Zara Abrams, “Puerto Rico, Two Years After Maria,” Monitor on Psychology 50, no. 8 (September 2019): 28, https://www.apa.org/monitor/2019/09/puerto-rico.
35. Ibid.
36. “Greater Impact: How Disasters Affect People of Low Socioeconomic Status,” Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, July 2017, https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/dtac/srb-low-ses_2.pdf.
37. Abrams, “Puerto Rico, Two Years After Maria.”
38. “Behavioral Health Conditions in Children and Youth Exposed to Natural Disasters,” Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, September 2018, https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/srb-childrenyouth-8-22-18.pdf.
39. “How Extreme Weather Events Affect Mental Health,” American Psychiatric Association, https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/climate-change-and-mental-health-connectio
ns/affects-on-mental-health.
40. Anna Merlan, “Is NY Prepared for Climate Change’s Mental Health Crises?”Village Voice, October 11, 2016, https://www.villagevoice.com/2016/10/11/is-ny-prepared-for-climate-changes-mental-health-crises/.
41. J. Brian Houston et al., “2011 Joplin, Missouri, Tornado Experience, Mental Health Reactions, and Service Utilization: Cross-Sectional Assessments at Approximately 6 Months and 2.5 Years Post-Event,” PloS Currents 7 (October 26, 2015), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4639320/.
42. Melinda Smith, MA; Lawrence Robinson; and Jeanne Segal, PhD, “Helping Children Cope with Traumatic Events,” HelpGuide.org, April 2021, https://www.helpguide .org/articles/ptsd-trauma/helping-children-cope-with-traumatic-stress.htm.
43. “Understanding the Impact of Trauma,” chapter 3 in Trauma-Informed Care in Behavioral Health Services (Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2014), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207191/.
44. Susanta Kumar Padhy et al., “Mental Health Effects of Climate Change,” Indian Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 19, no. 1 (January–April 2015): 3–7, https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4446935/.
45. Baher Kamal, “Climate Migrants Might Reach One Billion by 2050,” ReliefWeb, August 21, 2017, https://reliefweb.int/report/world/climate-migrants-might-reach-one-billion-2050.
46. Eleanor Goldberg, “Climate Change Could Have a Serious Impact On Mental Health: Report,” Huffpost, April 3, 2017, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/climate-change-mental-health_n_58dd584fe4b0e6ac70936be2.
47. Kim Parker et al., “7. Life Satisfaction and Social Support in Different Communities,” Pew Research Center, May 22, 2018, https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2018/05/22/life-satisfaction-and-social-support-in-different-communities/.
48. Whitmore Williams et al., “Mental Health and Our Changing Climate.”
49. Ossie Michelin, “‘Solastalgia’: Arctic Inhabitants Overwhelmed by New Form of Climate Grief,” Guardian, October 15, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/15/arctic-solastalgia-climate-crisis-inuit-indigenous.
50. Rebekah Levine Coley, PhD, ed., “Understanding the Impacts of Natural Disasters on Children,” Society for Research in Child Development, August 13, 2020, https://www.srcd.org/research/understanding-impacts-natural-disasters-children.
51. A. Crimmins et al., eds., “Mental Health and Well-Being,” chapter 8 in The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment (Washington, DC: US Global Change Research Program, 2016), https://health2016.globalchange.gov/mental-health-and-well-being.
52. “Behavioral Health Conditions in Children.”
53. “Coping with Disaster,” Ready.gov, December 17, 2020, https://www.ready.gov/coping-disaster.
54. “Behavioral Health Conditions in Children.”
55. “One Year after Katrina, More Is Known About Its Mental Health Effects; Storm’s Widespread Effect on People of Color and Children and the Need for Culturally Competent Mental Health Services Are Evident,” American Psychological Association, 2006, https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2006/08/katrina.
56. Suniya S. Luthar, “The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work,” Child Development 71, no. 3 (2000): 543–62, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1885202/.
57. Nikunj Makwana, “Disaster and Its Impact on Mental Health: A Narrative Review,” Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 8, no. 10 (October 2019): 3090–95, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6857396/.
58. “Building Your Resilience,” American Psychological Association, 2012, https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience.
59. Scott Berson, “What Are Zello and Firechat, the Apps People Are Downloading for Hurricane Florence?” Charlotte Observer, September 12, 2018, https://www.charlotteobserver.com/latest-news/article218248820.html.
60. Holly Hartman, “I Downloaded an App and Suddenly Was Part of the Cajun Navy,” Houston Chronicle, September 4, 2017, https://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/gray-matters/article/I-downloaded-an-app-And-suddenly-I-was-talking-12172506.php.
61. Brandi Neal, “These Apps Can Save Your Life During a Disaster,” Bustle.com, September 11, 2017, https://www.bustle.com/p/emergency-apps-you-can-use-without-wi-fi-during-a-disaster-2307076.
62. Berson, “What Are Zello and Firechat.”
63. “PawBoost—Lost and Found Pets,” App Store Preview, Apple.com, https://apps.apple.com/us/app/pawboost-lost-and-found-pets/id1131343030.
64. Katie Thornton, “Building Resilience in the Aftermath of Natural Disasters,” Karyn Purvis Institute of Child Development, TCU College of Science & Engineering, https://child.tcu.edu/building-resilience-in-the-aftermath-of-natural-disasters/.
65. “Gardens at the Stowe Center,” Harriet Beecher Stowe Center, https://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/visit/gardens/.
66. TKF Foundation, “Short Documentary Film Tells a Different Kind of Hurricane Sandy Story,” Cision, October 27, 2017, https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/short-documentary-film-tells-a-different-kind-of-hurricane-sandy-story-300544725.html.
67. “Hurricane Healing Garden,” Nature Sacred, https://naturesacred.org/films/hurricane-healing-garden/.
68. Ibid.
69. Keith G. Tidball, “Urgent Biophilia: Human-Nature Interactions and Biological Attractions in Disaster Resilience,” Ecology and Society 17, no. 2 (2012), https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol17/iss2/art5/.
70. Kara Rogers, “Biophilia hypothesis,” Encyclopedia Britannica, June 25, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/science/biophilia-hypothesis.
71. TKF Foundation, “Short Documentary Film.”
72. “Aftershocks of Disaster: Puerto Rico Before and After the Storm,” Haymarket Books, August 27, 2020, https://www.haymarketbooks.org/events/178-aftershocks-of-disaster-puerto-rico-before-and-after-the-storm.
73. Ibid.
74. Ibid.
75. Tara Haelle, MS, “Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy Holds Promise for PTSD Treatment,” Psychiatry Advisor, December 5, 2017, https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/home/topics/anxiety/ptsd-trauma-and-stressor-related
/mindfulness-based-stress-reduction-therapy-holds-promise-for-ptsd-treatment/.
76. James Douglas Bremner et al., “A Pilot Study of the Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Brain Response to Traumatic Reminders of Combat in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Combat Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder,” Frontiers in Psychiatry 8 (2017), https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00157/full.
77. Jenna E. Boyd, MSc; Ruth A. Lanius, MD, PhD; and Margaret C. McKinnon, PhD, CPsych, “Mindfulness-Based Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of the Treatment Literature and Neurobiological Evidence,” Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 43, no. 1 (January 2018): 7–25, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5747539/.
78. David J. Kearney et al., “Loving-Kindness Meditation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study,” Journal of Traumatic Stress 26, no. 4 (August 2013): 426–34, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23893519/.
79. “About Jack Kornfield,” JackKornfield.com, https://jackkornfield.com/bio/.
80. “A Meditation on Lovingkindness,” JackKornfield. com, https://jackkornfield.com/meditation-lovingkindness/.
81. Carolyn L. Todd, “The Healing Powers of Gratitude,” Self.com, May 29, 2020, https://www.self.com/story/gratitude-benefits.
82. Wenchao Wang, Xinchun Wu, and Yuxin Tian, “Mediating Roles of Gratitude and Social Support in the Relation between Survivor Guilt and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Posttraumatic Growth among Adolescents after the Ya’an Earthquake,” Frontiers in Psychology 9 (November 5, 2018), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc
/articles/PMC6230928/.
83. Todd, “The Healing Powers of Gratitude.”
84. “Giving Thanks Can Make You Happier,” Harvard Health Publishing, November 22, 2011, https://www.health.harvard.edu/healthbeat/giving-thanks-can-make-you-happier.
85. Madhuleena Roy Chowdhury, BA, “The Neuroscience of Gratitude and How It Affects Anxiety & Grief,” PositivePsychology.com, May 26, 2021, https://positivepsychology.com/neuroscience-of-gratitude/.
86. “4 Tips for Keeping a Gratitude Journal,” Cleveland Clinic, July 20, 2020, https://health.clevelandclinic.org/tips-for-keeping-a-gratitude-journal/.
87. “Loving-Kindness Meditation,” Greater Good in Action, https://ggia.berkeley.edu/practice/loving_kindness_meditation.
ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 3
Πόλεις της Ζέστης
1. Associated Press, France Says 1,500 Died in Summer’s Heat Wave,” ABC News, September 8, 2019, https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/france-1500-died-summers-heat-wave-65466010.
2. “Extreme Heat,” Ready.gov, May 26, 2021, https://www.ready.gov/heat.
3. Alissa Walker, “Our Cities Are Getting Hotter—and It’s Killing People,” Curbed, June 21, 2019, https://archive.curbed.com/2018/7/6/17539904/heat-wave-extreme-heat-cities-deadly.
4. “NC Climate Education,” North Carolina State University, https://climate.ncsu.edu/edu/Albedo.
5. “American Warming: The Fastest-Warming Cities and States in the US,” Climate Central, April 17, 2019, https://www.climatecentral.org/news/report-american-warming-us-heats-up-earth-day.
6. “Street, Inlets, and Storm Drains,” chapter 7 in Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, vol. 1 (Denver: Urban Drainage and Flood Control District, 2016), https://udfcd.org/wp-content/uploads/uploads/vol1%20criteria%20manual/07_Streets%20Inlets%20Storm%20Drains.pdf.
7. Allegra Miccio, “Wastewater Fees Encourage Green Infrastructure Initiatives in NYC,” Water Watch NYC (blog), January 9, 2018, https://waterwatchnyc.com/tag/impervious-surfaces/.
8. “Dallas Urban Heat Island Mitigation Study,” Texas Trees Foundation, https://www.texastrees.org/projects/dallas-urban-heat-island-mitigation-study/.
9. “Nights Warming Faster Than Days across Much of the Planet,” University of Exeter, October 1, 2020, https://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/homepage/title_818402_en.html.
10. Peninah Murage, Shakoor Hajat, and R. Sari Kovats, “Effect of Night-Time Temperatures on Cause and Age-Specific Mortality in London,” Environmental Epidemiology 1, no. 2 (December 2017): e005, https://journals.lww.com/environepidem/fulltext
/2017/12000/effect_of_night_time_temperatures_on_cause_and.1.aspx.
11. “Ground-Level Ozone Basics,” Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/ground-level-ozone-pollution/ground-level-ozone-basics.
12. Ibid.
13. Kim Parker et al., “Demographic and Economic Trends in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Communities,” Pew Research Center, May 22, 2018, https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2018/05/22/demographic-and-economic-trends-in-urban-suburban-and-rural-comm
unities/.
14. Richard Florida, “Where Kids Live Now in the US,” Bloomberg, April 13, 2015, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-13/the-u-s-metros-with-the-highest-an
d-lowest-shares-of-children-under-18.
15. “Never Leave Your Child Alone in a Car: Frequently Asked Questions,” Safe Kids Worldwide, https://www.safekids.org/sites/default/files/documents/activity_kits/heatstro
ke/heatstroke_faqs_2015.pdf.
16. Protecting Your Child from Dehydration and Heat Illness,” WebMD, October 5, 2019, https://www.webmd.com/children/dehydration-heat-illness.
17. “How Much Hotter Is Your Hometown Than When You Were Born?” New York Times, August 30, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/30/climate/how-much-hotter-is-your-hometown.html.
18. Ibid.
19. “Heat,” Health Hints 10, no. 8 (September 2006), https://texashelp.tamu.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2016/02/heat-health-hints.pdf.
20. “2019 Profile of Older Americans,” Administration for Community Living, US Department of Health and Human Services, May 2020, https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/Aging%20and%20Disability%20in%20America/2019ProfileOlderAmericans508.pdf.
21. Joel Kotkin, “America’s Senior Moment: The Most Rapidly Aging Cities,” Forbes, February 16, 2016, https://www.forbes.com/sites/joelkotkin/2016/02/16/americas-senior-moment-the-most-rapidly-aging-cities/?sh=46d8dfec53e5.
22. Jacob Ausubel, “Older People Are More Likely to Live Alone in the US Than Elsewhere in the World,” Pew Research Center, March 10, 2020, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/03/10/older-people-are-more-likely-to-live-alone-in-the-u-s-than-elsewhere-in-the-world/.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Laura Silver et al., “In US and UK, Globalization Leaves Some Feeling ‘Left Behind’ or ‘Swept Up,’” Pew Research Center, October 5, 2020, https://www.pewresearch.org/2020/10/05/in-u-s-and-uk-globalization-leaves-some-feeling-left-behind-or-swept-up/.
26. Craille Maguire Gillies, “What’s the World’s Loneliest City?” Guardian, April 7, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/apr/07/loneliest-city-in-world.
27. Ibid.
28. “Social Isolation, Loneliness in Older People Pose Health Risks,” National Institute on Aging, April 23, 2019, https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/social-isolation-loneliness-older-people-pose-health-risks.
29. “Fighting Social Isolation among Older Adults,” GreatCall, https://www.greatcall.com/docs/default-source/newsroom-files/fighting-social-isolation-among-older-adults.pdf.
30. Marco Chown Oved, “Life and Death under the Dome,” Toronto Star, May 23, 2019, https://projects.thestar.com/climate-change-canada/quebec.
31. Charlie Fidelman, “As Second Heat Wave Gains Steam, 74 Deaths Are Linked to Quebec Weather,” Montreal Gazette, July 10, 2018, https://montrealgazette.com/news/quebec/montreal-heat-wave-more-searing-weather-in-the-forecast-next-weekend.
32. Brittany Henriques, “66 Montrealers Died from Extreme Heat during 2018 Heat Wave,” Global News, August 12, 2019, https://globalnews.ca/news/5279502/66-montrealers-died-from-extreme-heat-during-2018-heat-wave/.
33. Chown Oved, “Life and Death under the Dome.”
34. Elzbieta Sawicz, “Summertime Control of Temperature in Canadian Homes: How Canadians Keep Their Cool,” Statistics Canada, November 27, 2015, https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/16-002-x/2011002/part-partie3-eng.htm.
35. Malcolm Araos, “Climate Change Can Be Deadly If You Live Alone,” Conversation, August 1, 2018, https://theconversation.com/climate-change-can-be-deadly-if-you-live-alone-100881.
36. Malcolm Araos, “Men Who Live Alone Are Most Likely to Die during Heat Waves,” City Monitor, August 6, 2018, https://citymonitor.ai/horizons/men-who-live-alone-are-most-likely-die-during-heatwaves-4110.
37. “NOAA Leads Community Scientists in Mapping Hottest Parts of 13 US Cities This Summer,” Climate Program Office, June 3, 2020, https://cpo.noaa.gov/News/ArtMID/7875/ArticleID/1922/NOAA-leads-community-scientists-in-mapping-hottest-parts-of-13-US-cities-this-summer.
38. G. Brooke Anderson and Michelle L. Bell, “Heat Waves in the United States: Mortality Risk during Heat Waves and Effect Modification by Heat Wave Characteristics in 43 US Communities,” Michelle L. Bell’s Research Group, Yale University, 2010, https://bell-lab.yale.edu/publications/heat-waves-united-states-mortality-risk-during-heat-waves-and-effect-modification-heat.
39. Tim De Chant, “US Cities Are Losing 36 Million Trees a Year,” Nova, May 8, 2018, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/us-urban-forest-crisis/.
40. “For Tree Equity and Climate Change, How Many Urban Trees Do We Need?” American Forests, https://www.americanforests.org/our-work/urban-forestry/how-many-urban-trees-do-we-need/.
41. Josh Wood, “Re-Greening: Can Louisville Plant Its Way Out of a Heat Emergency?” Guardian, November 21, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/nov/21/re-greening-can-louisville-plant-its-way-out-of-a-heat-emergency.
42. Darcy Costello, “Tree Canopy Ordinance Finally Clears Metro Council, Along With Rental Help, City Borrowing,” Louisville Courier Journal, April 24, 2020, https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/metro-government/2020/04/24/tree-canopy-louisville-metro-council-oks-legislation-curb-losses/3018922001/.
43. “The Benefits of Trees,” Canopy, https://canopy.org/tree-info/benefits-of-trees/.
44. Meg Anderson and Sean McMinn, “As Rising Heat Bakes US Cities, the Poor Often Feel It Most,” NPR, September 3, 2019, https://www.npr.org/2019/09/03/754044732/as-rising-heat-bakes-u-s-cities-the-poor-often-feel-it-most.
45. Ibid.
46. “2021 Demographics,” Miami Matters, http://www.miamidadematters.org/demographic data.
47. “The Racial Wealth Divide in Miami,” Prosperity Now, https://prosperitynow.org /files/resources/Racial_Wealth_Divide_in_Miami_OptimizedforScreenReaders.pdf.
48. “The Heat Is On: US Temperature Trends,” Climate Central, June 23, 2012, https://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-heat-is-on/.
49. “Little Haiti Community Needs Assessment,” Children’s Trust, 2015, https://www.thechildrenstrust.org/sites/default/files/kcfinder/files/providers/analytics/reports/Little_Haiti_Miami-Dade_County-May2015.pdf.
50. “Little Haiti Community Needs Assessment: Housing Market Analysis,” Haitian American Community Development Corporation, December 2015, https://metropolitan.fiu.edu/research/services/economic-and-housing-market-analysis/201
5-hacdc_finalreport.pdf.
51. Allison Rebecca Penn, “Landlords, Are You Responsible for Air-Conditioning?” All Property Management, June 17, 2019, https://www.allpropertymanagement.com/blog/post/landlord-responsiblities-for-air-condi
tioning/.
52. “Climate Change and Displacement in the US—A Review of the Literature,” Urban Displacement Project, April 2020, https://www.urbandisplacement.org/sites/default/files/images/climate_and_displacement_-_lit_review_6.19.2020.pdf.
53. “Household Expenditures and Income,” Pew Charitable Trusts, March 2016, https://www.pewtrusts.org/-/media/assets/2016/03/household_expenditures_and_income
.pdf.
54. “Money for Heat and Utility Expenses,” Access NYC, https://access.nyc.gov/programs/home-energy-assistance-program-heap/.
55. María Paula Rubiano, “In Los Angeles, Rich Neighborhoods Enjoy More Street Trees and a Lot More Birds,” Audubon, July 7, 2020, https://www.audubon.org/news/in-los-angeles-rich-neighborhoods-enjoy-more-street-trees-and-lot-more-birds.
56. Tim De Chant, “Urban Trees Reveal Income Inequality,” Per Square Mile (blog), May 17, 2012, https://persquaremile.com/2012/05/17/urban-trees-reveal-income-inequality/.
57. “The Benefits of Trees.”
58. Matt O’Brien, “Gauge of Bay Area Neighborhood Wealth? Look to the Trees,” Mercury News, September 9, 2012, https://www.mercurynews.com/2012/09/09/gauge-of-bay-area-neighborhood-wealth-look-to-the-trees/.
59. Kirsten Schwarz et al., “Trees Grow on Money: Urban Tree Canopy Cover and Environmental Justice,” PLoS ONE 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2015), https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0122051.
60. Ibid.
61. Ibid.
62. Patrick Sisson, Jeff Andrews, and Alex Bazeley, “The Affordable Housing Crisis, Explained,” Curbed, March 2, 2020, https://archive.curbed.com/2019/5/15/18617763/affordable-housing-policy-rent-real-estat
e-apartment.
63. “Report: Coastal Flood Risk to Affordable Housing Projected to Triple by 2050,” Climate Central, November 24, 2020, https://www.climatecentral.org/news/reportcoastal-flood-risk-to-affordable-housing-projected-to-triple-by-2050.
64. Patrick Sisson, “In Many Cities, Climate Change Will Flood Affordable Housing,” CityLab, December 1, 2020, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-01/how-climate-change-is-targeting-affordable-housing.
65. Portland State University, “Historical Housing Disparities Linked with Dangerous Climate Impacts,” ScienceDaily, January 14, 2020, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200114101715.htm.
66. Gwen Sharp, PhD, “Philadelphia Redlining Maps,” Society Pages, April 25, 2012, https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/04/25/1934-philadelphia-redlining-map/.
67. Ibid.
68. Tracy Jan, “Redlining Was Banned 50 Years Ago. It’s Still Hurting Minorities Today,” Washington Post, March 28, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/03/28/redlining-was-banned-50-years-ago-its-still-hurting-minorities-today/.
69. Jenny Rowland-Shea et al., “The Nature Gap,” Center for American Progress, July 21, 2020, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/reports/2020/07/21/487787/the-nature-gap/.
70. “Redlining—and Greening—of Cities. What’s the Connection?” Tree Equity (blog), January 16, 2020, https://www.americanforests.org/blog/redlining-and-greening-of-cities-whats-the-connection/.
71. “Benefits of Urban Trees,” South Carolina Forestry Commission, https://www.state.sc.us/forest/urbben.htm.
72. “Trees in Urban Areas May Improve Mental Health,” European Commission, April 16, 2015, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/trees_in_
urban_areas_may_improve_mental_health_410na2_en.pdf.
73. “Tree Equity Score,” American Forests, https://www.treeequityscore.org/.
74. Eriol Iasa, “How to Bridge the ‘Canopy Gap’? Counting and Mapping Trees,” blog post, November 20, 2020, https://eriolasa.blogspot.com/2020/11/how-to-bridgecanopy-gap-counting-and.html.
75. “Tree Equity in America’s Cities,” American Forests, https://www.americanforests.org/our-work/urban-forestry/.
76. “US Chapter Launch,” 1t.org, https://us.1t.org/press-toolkit/.
77. “Secretary Chu Announces Steps to Implement Cool Roofs at DOE and Across the Federal Government,” US Department of Energy, July 19, 2010, https://www.energy.gov/articles/secretary-chu-announces-steps-implement-cool-roofs-doe-and-acrossfederal-government.
78. “Cool Roofs,” Berkeley Lab, https://heatisland.lbl.gov/coolscience/cool-roofs.
79. Ibid.
80. “Dallas Urban Heat Management Study,” Texas Trees Foundation, 2017, https://urbanforestrysouth.org/resources/library/ttresources/dallas-urban-heatmanagemen
t-study/at_download/file.
81. “Cool Pavement Pilot Program,” City of Phoenix, https://www.phoenix.gov/streets/coolpavement.
82. “Case Study: Deadly Chicago Heat Wave of 1995, AdaptNY, https://www.adaptny.org/2016/07/21/case-study-deadly-chicago-heat-wave-of-1995/.
83. Doug Garrett, “Beware the Closed Bedroom Door,” Home Energy, January 1, 2001, http://homeenergy.org/show/article/id/1704.
84. Samantha Leffler, “7 Ways to Keep Cool in NYC Without Air-Conditioning,” Brick Underground, July 19, 2017, https://www.brickunderground.com/live/how-tocool-down-without-Air-conditioning-in-NYC.
ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 4
Ιοί και Μολυσματικές Ασθένειες – Από τον Κορονοϊό έως τη Βορρελίωση
1. “WHO Timeline—COVID-19,” World Health Organization, April 27, 2020, https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline—covid-19.
2. David M. Morens and Anthony S. Fauci, “Emerging Pandemic Diseases: How We Got to COVID-19,” Cell 182, no. 5 (September 3, 2020): 1077–92, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32846157/.
3. Ibid.
4. John S. Mackenzie and David W. Smith, “COVID-19: A Novel Zoonotic Disease Caused By a Coronavirus from China: What We Know and What We Don’t,” Microbiology Australia (March 17, 2020): MA20013, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7086482/.
5. Ben Westcott and Serenitie Wang, “China’s Wet Markets Are Not What Some People Think They Are,” CNN, April 23, 2020, https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/14/asia/china-wet-market-coronavirus-intl-hnk/index.html.
6. Sumi Krishna, “Don’t Fear or Judge the Wet Market Too Quickly,” Wire: Science, June 13, 2020, https://science.thewire.in/environment/coronavirus-pandemic-wet-markets-wild-foods/.
7. Robert G. Webster, “Wet Markets—A Continuing Source of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Influenza?” Lancet 363, no. 9404 (January 17, 2004): 234–36, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14738798/.
8. Rui-Heng Xu et al., “Epidemiologic Clues to SARS Origin in China,” Emerging Infectious Diseases 10, no. 6 (June 2004): 1030–37, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3323155/.
9. Jonathan Watts, “China Culls Wild Animals to Prevent New SARS Threat,” Lancet 363 (January 10, 2004): 134, https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(03)15313-5.pdf.
10. “Dr. Fauci on Change in Face Mask Recommendations, Using Hydroxychloroquine as a COVID-19 Treatment,” Fox News, April 3, 2020, https://video.foxnews.com/v/6146838481001/.
11. Alla Katsnelson, “How Do Viruses Leap from Animals to People and Spark Pandemics?” Chemical & Engineering News 98, no. 33 (August 30, 2020), https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/How-do-viruses-leap-from-animals-to-people-and-spark-pande
mics/98/i33.
12. Richard Tapper, “Wildlife Watching and Tourism: A Study on the Benefits and Risks of a Fast-Growing Tourism Activity and Its Impacts on Species,” United Nations Environment Programme, January 2006, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268036486_W
ildlife_Watching_and_Tourism_A_Study_on_the_Benefits_and_Risks_of_a_Fast_Growing_Tourism_Activity_and_its_Impacts_on_Species.
13. Chris Mooney, “Natural Protected Areas Get 8 Billion Visits per Year. That’s Higher Than the World’s Population,” Washington Post, February 24, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/02/24/new-study-proves-that-human-beings-love-nature/.
14. Robert W. Sutherst, “Global Change and Human Vulnerability to Vector-Borne Diseases,” Clinical Microbiology Reviews 17, no. 1 (January 2004): 136–73, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC321469/.
15. Helen Briggs, “Covid: Why Bats Are Not to Blame, Say Scientists,” BBC News, October 13, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-54246473.
16. “Ebola Virus Disease,” World Health Organization, February 23, 2021, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease.
17. “Guinea Declares Ebola Epidemic: First Deaths Since 2016,” BBC News, February 14, 2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56060728?fbclid=IwAR2mjLMvxh5J8IZzObCu4n2
Kt5fT9dZLO0w3TTHpXMOgOnxBqWKUtpxEBKU.
18. Robert Nasi, “Conservation and Use of Wildlife-Based Resources: The Bushmeat Crisis,” Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2008, https://www.academia.edu/3261342/Conservation_and_use_of_wildlife_based_resources_the_bushmeat_crisis.
19. Michael Dulaney, “The Next Pandemic Is Coming—and Sooner Than We Think, Thanks to Changes to the Environment,” ABC News (Australia), June 6, 2020, https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2020-06-07/a-matter-of-when-not-if-the-next-pandemic-is-around-the-corner/12313372.
20. “Cardiovascular Epidemiologist Christopher Reid,” ABC News (Australia), April 5, 2020, 2020, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-06/cardiovascular-epidemiologist-and-clinical-trialist-christopher/12124710.
21. “Deforestation and Forest Degradation,” World Wildlife Fund, https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/deforestation-and-forest-degradation.
22. Ibid.
23. “NASA Tropical Deforestation Research,” NASA Earth Observatory,” March 30, 2007, https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Deforestation/deforestation_update4.php.
24. “Where Is the World’s Biological Diversity Found?” Sinauer Associates Inc., 2010, https://www.sinauer.com/media/wysiwyg/samples/PrimackEssentials5e_Ch03.pdf.
25. Robert Kessler, “What Exactly Is Deforestation Doing to Our Planet?” EcoHealth Alliance, https://www.ecohealthalliance.org/2017/11/deforestation-impact-planet.
26. Jesús Olivero et al., “Recent Loss of Closed Forests Is Associated with Ebola Virus Disease Outbreaks,” Scientific Reports 7 (2017): 14291, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5662765/.
27. Nellie Peyton, “Want to Know When Ebola Will Strike Next? Look to the Forest,” Reuters, October 30, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-africa-disease-ebola/want-to-know-when-ebola-will-strike-next-look-to-the-forest-idUSKBN1CZ236.
28. Felicia Keesing et al., “Impacts of Biodiversity on the Emergence and Transmission of Infectious Diseases,” Nature 468 (2010): 647–52, https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09575.
29. Matthew B. Thomas, “Epidemics on the Move: Climate Change and Infectious Disease,” PloS Biology 18, no. 11 (November 2020): e3001013, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7685491/.
30. “Media Release: Nature’s Dangerous Decline ‘Unprecedented’; Species Extinction Rates ‘Accelerating,’” Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, https://ipbes.net/news/Media-Release-Global-Assessment.
31. “Halting the Extinction Crisis,” Center for Biological Diversity, https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/biodiversity/elements_of_biodiversity/extinction_crisis/.
32. “Illnesses from Mosquito, Tick, and Flea Bites Increasing in the US,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 1, 2018, https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2018/p0501-vs-vector-borne.html.
33. Mohd Danish Khan et al., “Aggravation of Human Diseases and Climate Change Nexus,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15 (August 2019): 2799, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6696070/.
34. Julia Langer, Abbey Dufoe, and Jen Brady, “US Faces a Rise in Mosquito ‘Disease Danger Days,’” Climate Central, August 8, 2018, http://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/August2018_CMN_Mosquitoes.pdf?pdf=Mosquitoes-Report.
35. Ibid.
36. “Lyme Disease Diagnostics Research,” National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, November 20, 2018, https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/lyme-disease-diagnostics-research.
37. “Justin Wood, Founder of Geneticks,” Looking at Lyme, July 28, 2020, https://www.lookingatlyme.ca/2020/07/justin-wood-founder-of-geneticks/.
38. Alison Karlene Hodgins, “Bitten by a Tick in Canada? Here’s How to Get It Tested for Lyme Disease—Fast,” Explore, August 19, 2020, https://www.explore-mag.com/Bitten-by-a-tick-in-Canada-Heres-how-to-get-it-tested-for-Lyme-disease-fast.
39. Catherine Caruso, “Tests for Lyme Disease Miss Many Early Cases—but a New Approach Could Help,” Stat, June 28, 2017, https://www.statnews.com/2017/06/28/early-lyme-tests/.
40. Hodgins, “Bitten by a Tick in Canada.”
41. Ibid.
42. “About Us,” Geneticks, https://www.geneticks.ca/about-geneticks/.
43. Ibid.
44. Hodgins, “Bitten by a Tick in Canada.”
45. “Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever,” National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, July 8, 2014, https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever.
46. Timothy C. Winegard, The Mosquito: A Human History of Our Deadliest Predator (New York: Dutton, 2020).
47. Ibid.
48. “West Nile Virus,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html.
49. Ibid.
50. Andrea Thompson, “What Warming Means for 4 of Summer’s Worst Pests,” Climate Central, July 30, 2015, https://www.climatecentral.org/news/what-warming-means-summers-pests-19295.
51. “Chikungunya,” World Health Organization, September 15, 2020, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chikungunya.
52. Shlomit Paz, “Climate Change Impacts on West Nile Virus Transmission in a Global Context,” Philosophical Transactions B 370, no. 1665 (April 5, 2015): 20130561, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4342965/.
53. “Asian Tiger Mosquito,” National Invasive Species Information Center, https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/terrestrial/invertebrates/asian-tiger-mosquito.
54. Philip M. Armstrong et al., “Northern Range Expansion of the Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus): Analysis of Mosquito Data from Connecticut, USA,” PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2017): e0005623, https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005623.
55. Carl Zimmer, “West Nile Virus: The Stranger That Came to Stay,” Discover, August 17, 2012, https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/west-nile-virus-the-stranger-that-came-to-stay.
56. “West Nile Virus,” One Health Commission, November 21, 2011, https://www.onehealthcommission.org/index.cfm/38649/15886/west_nile_virus.
57. “The History of Zika Virus,” World Health Organization, February 7, 2016, https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-history-of-zika-virus.
58. “Fifth Meeting of the Emergency Committee under the International Health Regulations (2005) Regarding Microcephaly, Other Neurological Disorders, and Zika Virus,” Pan American Health Organization, November 18, 2016, https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.
php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12761:v-meetinge-mergency-committee-ihr-20
05-microcephaly-neurological-dis-zika&Itemid=135&lang=en.
59. Ann Nagro, “State of the Mosquito Market Report,” MGK, 2017, https://www.mgk.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2017-PCT-State-of-the-Mosquito-Market-Report.pdf.
60. Sarah Anderson, “The Mosquito Gap,” OtherWords, March 28, 2018, https://otherwords.org/the-mosquito-gap/.
61. John P. Roche, “Study Finds Bigger Mosquitoes in Baltimore Neighborhoods with More Abandoned Buildings,” Entomology Today, October 24, 2019, https://entomologytoday.org/2019/10/24/study-finds-bigger-mosquitoes-in-baltimore-neig
hborhoods-with-more-abandoned-buildings/.
62. Shannon L. LaDeau et al., “Higher Mosquito Production in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Baltimore and Washington, DC: Understanding Ecological Drivers and Mosquito-Borne Disease Risk in Temperate Cities,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10, no. 4 (April 2013): 1505–26, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3709331/.
63. Sandra Crouse Quinn and Supriya Kumar, “Health Inequalities and Infectious Disease Epidemics: A Challenge for Global Health Security,” Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 12, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 263–73, https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4170985/.
64. Thomas M. Kollars, “Identifying High-Risk Areas of West Nile Virus in Minority and Low-Income Neighborhoods,” Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2, no. 1 (2017): 1–3, https://www.oatext.com/Identifying-high-risk-areas-of-West-Nile-Virus-in-minority-and-low-income-neighborhoods.php.
65. Donald Thea, “How to Contain Zika in the US,” Boston University School of Public Health, April 29, 2016, https://www.bu.edu/sph/news/articles/2016/viewpoint-how-to-contain-zika-in-the-us/.
66. “Prevent Mosquito Bites,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dvbd/media/stopmosquitoes.html.
67. Cheryl Bennett Wiygul, Facebook post, July 10, 2019, https://www.facebook.com/cheryl.bennettwiygul/posts/2604638246213205.
68. Ibid.
69. Ibid.
70. Ibid.
71. “Vibrio Species Causing Vibriosis,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/index.html.
72. Michael H. Bross, MD, et al., “Vibrio vulnificus Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment,” American Family Physician, August 15, 2007, https://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0815/p539.html.
73. Wiygul Facebook post.
74. “People at Risk,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/people-at-risk.html.
75. Reem Deeb et al., “Impact of Climate Change on Vibrio vulnificus Abundance and Exposure Risk,” Estuaries and Coasts 41, no. 8 (December 2018): 2289–303, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6602088/.
76. Erin K. Lipp, Anwar Huq, and Rita R. Colwell, “Effects of Global Climate on Infectious Disease: The Cholera Model,” Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15, no. 4 (October 2002): 757–70, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC126864/.
77. “Vibrio Background,” National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, https://products. coastalscience.noaa.gov/vibrioforecast/.
78. “Prevention Tips,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/prevention.html.
79. “Preventing Tick Bites,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/avoid/on_people.html.
ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 5
Η Νέα Εποχή των Αλλεργιών
1. “Extreme Allergies and Climate Change,” Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, https://www.aafa.org/extreme-allergies-and-climate-change/.
2. “Climate Change Indicators: Ragweed Pollen Season,” Environmental Protection Agency, https://climatechange.stlouis-mo.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-ragweed
-pollen-season.
3. Ibid.
4. “What Are the Symptoms of an Allergy?” Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, https://www.aafa.org/allergy-symptoms/.
5. “Allergies and the Immune System,” Johns Hopkins Medicine, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/allergies-and-the-immun
e-system#:~:text=Immune%20responses%20can%20be%20mild,of%20the%20reaction%20m
ay%20increase.
6. “Climate Change Indicators in the United States,” Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators.
7. “Spring Coming Earlier (2020),” Climate Central, March 4, 2020, https://medialibrary.climatecentral.org/resources/spring-coming-earlier-2020.
8. Matt Meister, “Spring Leaf-Out Happening Earlier in Colorado,” Fox21 News, March 10, 2020, https://www.fox21news.com/weather/thewxmeister-wonders/spring-leaf-out-happening-earlier-in-colorado/.
9. “When to Expect Your Last Spring Freeze,” National Centers for Environmental Information, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/news/when-expect-your-last-spring-freeze.
10. “Climate Hot Map,” Union of Concerned Scientists, 2011, https://www.climatehotmap.org/global-warming-locations/nebraska-usa.html.
11. “Climate Change Indicators in the United States, 2016,” Environmental Protection Agency, 2016, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-08/documents/climate_indicators_
2016.pdf.
12. “When Asthma Attacks: How to Manage It and Stay Out of the ER,” Medical City Healthcare, August 15, 2016, https://medicalcityhealthcare.com/blog/entry/when-asthma-attacks-how-to-manage-it-and-stay-out-of-the-er.
13. James E. Neumann et al., “Estimates of Present and Future Asthma Emergency Department Visits Associated with Exposure to Oak, Birch, and Grass Pollen in the United States,” Geohealth 3, no. 1 (January 2019): 11–27, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6516486/.
14. Samantha Harrington, “Climate Change Could Make Children’s Allergies Worse,” Yale Climate Connections, June 12, 2019, https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2019/06/climate-change-could-make-childrens-allergies-worse/.
15. “Basic Facts about Mold and Dampness,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/mold/faqs.htm.
16. “Mold Allergy,” Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, https://www.aafa.org/mold-allergy/.
17. “Mold Allergy,” Mayo Clinic, June 21, 2021, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mold-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20351519.
18. Ibid.
19. P. K. Daniel, “How Climate Change Impacts Allergies and Asthma,” Allergy & Asthma Network, https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/news/something-the-air/.
20. Gennaro D’Amato et al., “Meteorological Conditions, Climate Change, New Emerging Factors, and Asthma and Related Allergic Disorders: A Statement of the World Allergy Organization,” World Allergy Organization Journal 8, no. 1 (2015): 25, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499913/.
21. Jennifer M. Albertine et al., “Projected Carbon Dioxide to Increase Grass Pollen and Allergen Exposure Despite Higher Ozone Levels,” PLoS One 9, no. 11 (2014): e111712, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4221106/.
22. Tia Ghose, “Climate Change May Worsen Mold Allergies,” Live Science, December 10, 2013, https://www.livescience.com/41838-climate-change-worsens-allergies.html.
23. Paul Gabrielsen, “Yes, Allergy Seasons Are Getting Worse. Blame Climate Change,” University of Utah, February 8, 2021, https://attheu.utah.edu/facultystaff/pollen-seasons/.
24. Ibid.
25. “Pollen Counts Defined,” American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, https://www.aaaai.org/Tools-for-the-Public/Allergy,-Asthma-Immunology-Glossary/Pollen-C
ounts-Defined.
26. Ibid.
27. “How Does Rain Affect Pollen Levels?” Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, https://community.aafa.org/blog/how-does-rain-affect-pollen-levels.
28. Bert Markgraf, “Does Rain Raise or Lower the Pollen Count?” Sciencing, August 24, 2018, https://sciencing.com/rain-raise-lower-pollen-count-23009.html.
29. Janet French, “10 Biggest Pollen Allergy Questions,” Allergic Living, April 16, 2015, https://www.allergicliving.com/2015/04/16/10-biggest-pollen-allergy-questions/.
30. “What Causes or Triggers Asthma?” Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, https://www.aafa.org/asthma-triggers-causes/.
31. Brian P. Dunleavy, “Thunderstorms Linked to 3,000 ER Visits a Year in Seniors with Asthma, COPD,” UPI, August 10, 2020, https://www.upi.com/Health_News
/2020/08/10/Thunderstorms-linked-to-3000-ER-visits-a-year-in-seniors-with-asthma-COPD/
7411597065119/.
32. “Warming Seas May Increase Frequency of Extreme Storms,” NASA Global Climate Change, January 28, 2019, https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2837/warming-seas-may-increase-frequency-of-extreme-storms/.
33. “National Climate Report—Annual 2020,” National Centers for Environmental Information, January 2021, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/202013.
34. Anthony LeRoy Westerling, “Wildfires in West Have Gotten Bigger, More Frequent, and Longer Since the 1980s,” Conversation, May 23, 2016, https://theconversation.com/wildfires-in-west-have-gotten-bigger-more-frequent-and-longer-since-the-1980s-42993.
35. Jessica Merzdorf, “A Drier Future Sets the Stage for More Wildfires,” NASA Global Climate Change, July 9, 2019, https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2891/a-drier-future-sets-the-stage-for-more-wildfires/.
36. “Satellite Sees Smoke from Siberian Fires Reach the US Coast,” NASA, June 11, 2012, https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/fires/main/siberia-smoke.html.
37. Cedars-Sinai Staff, “How Does Wildfire Smoke Affect Your Health?” Cedars-Sinai, August 30, 2019, https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/smoke-from-wildfires.html.
38. “What Is a Firestorm?” SciJinks, December 15, 2020, https://scijinks.gov/firestorm/.
39. Bob Berwyn, “How Wildfires Can Affect Climate Change (and Vice Versa),” Inside Climate News, August 23, 2018, https://insideclimatenews.org/news/23082018/extreme-wildfires-climate-change-global-warming-air-pollution-fire-management-black-carbon-co2/.
40. “Wildfires and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ),” Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/wildfires-and-indoor-air-quality-iaq.
41. “Air Pollution,” Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, https://www.aafa.org/air-pollution-smog-asthma/#:~:text=Ozone%20triggers%20asthma%20because%20it,Ozone%20
can%20reduce%20lung%20function.
42. “Climate Change Decreases the Quality of the Air We Breathe,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/pubs/AIR-QUALITY-Final_508.pdf.
43. “Disparities in the Impact of Air Pollution,” American Lung Association, April 20, 2020, https://www.lung.org/clean-air/outdoors/who-is-at-risk/disparities.
44. “Asthma Facts and Figures,” Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, https://www.aafa.org/asthma-facts/.
45. Jennifer Langston, “People of Color Exposed to More Pollution from Cars, Trucks, Power Plants during 10-Year Period,” University of Washington News, September 14, 2017, https://www.washington.edu/news/2017/09/14/people-of-color-exposed-to-more-pollutio
n-from-cars-trucks-power-plants-during-10-year-period/.
46. Ibid.
47. “Disparities in the Impact of Air Pollution.”
48. “Asthma and Hispanic Americans,” Office of Minority Health, February 11, 2021, https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=60.
49. Rubi Castillo et al., “Prevalence of Asthma Disparities amongst African-American Children,” SMYSP, https://www.columbus.gov/uploadedFiles/Public_Health/Content_Editors/Commu
nity_Health/Minority_Health/Asthma%20dispatries%20
amongest%20African%20American%20Children.pdf.
50. “Asthma Facts and Figures.”
51. “Asthma and African Americans,” Office of Minority Health, February 11, 2021, https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=15.
52. Mayo Clinic Staff, “Childhood Asthma,” Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351507#:~:text=Common%20childhood%20asthma%20signs%20and,Shortness%20of%20breath.
53. “Asthma Triggers: Gain Control,” Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/asthma/asthma-triggers-gain-control.
54. “What Is Indoor Air Quality?” Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, https://www.aafa.org/indoor-air-quality/.
55. “You Can Control Mold,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/mold/control_mold.htm.
ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 6
Λαμπρό Φως στη Μελαγχολία του Χειμώνα
1. Mayo Clinic Staff, “Depression in Women: Understanding the Gender Gap,” Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression/art-20047
725.
2. Dr. Norman Rosenthal, “How Not to Get Seasonal Affective Disorder,” Daily Mail, October 26, 2019, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-7616561/DR-NORMAN-ROSENTHAL-reveals-not-Seasonal-Affective-Disorder-winter.html.
3. Craig Newnes, Inscription, Diagnosis, Deception and the Mental Health Industry (London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016), http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2F9781
137312969.pdf.
4. Rosenthal, “How Not to Get Seasonal Affective Disorder.”
5. “Seasonal Affective Disorder,” National Institute of Mental Health, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/seasonal-affective-disorder/index.shtml.
6. “How to Know If You Have Seasonal Affective Disorder with Kelly Rohan, PhD,” video, American Psychological Association, January 29, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hvVfw0FzfY&t=1869s.
7. “Speaking of Psychology: How to Know If You Have Seasonal Affective Disorder,” American Psychological Association, https://www.apa.org/research/action/speaking-of-psychology/seasonal-affective-disorder.
8. “Seasonal Affective Disorder.”
9. J. J. Wurtman, “Carbohydrate Craving: Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Disorders of Mood,” Drugs 39, Supplement 3 (1990): 49–52, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2197075/.
10. “Seasonal Affective Disorder.”
11. “Essential Guide to Serotonin and the Other Happy Hormones in Your Body,” blogpost, Atlas Biomed, May 27, 2020, https://atlasbiomed.com/blog/serotonin-and-other-happy-molecules-made-by-gut-bacteria/.
12. “Seasonal Affective Disorder.”
13. Erin Bailey, “Experts and Students Discuss Seasonal Affective Disorder at Yale,” Yale Daily News, November 29, 2020, https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2020/11/29/experts-and-students-discuss-seasonal-affective-disorder-at-yale/.
14. Sherri Melrose, “Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches,” Depression Research and Treatment 2015 (2015): 178564, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4673349/.
15. “Hello Sunshine! Soaking Up in Sun Helps in Reducing Stress,” India TV News, November 5, 2016, https://www.indiatvnews.com/lifestyle/news-soaking-up-in-sun-helps-in-reducing-stress-355355.
16. Alec Sears, “BYU Psychologist, Physicist, and Statistician Collaborate on Unique Study,” Brigham Young University News, November 2, 2016, https://news.byu.edu/news/byu-psychologist-physicist-and-statistician-collaborate-unique-study.
17. Jon McBride, “Sunshine Matters a Lot to Mental Health,” Brigham Young University Physics and Astronomy, https://physics.byu.edu/department/news/50.
18. “Seasonal Affective Disorder.”
19. Ibid.
20. Dr. Zahid Naeem, “Vitamin D Deficiency: An Ignored Epidemic,” International Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 2010): V–VI, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3068797/.
21. Sue Penckofer, PhD, RN, et al., “Vitamin D and Depression: Where Is All the Sunshine?” Issues in Mental Health Nursing 31, no. 6 (June 2010): 385–93, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2908269/.
22. Ibid.
23. “Vitamin D Deficiency, Depression Linked in UGA-Led International Study,” UGA Today, December 2, 2014, https://news.uga.edu/vitamin-d-deficiency-depression/.
24. Ibid.
25. “Vitamin D Deficiency Linked to Mental Health,” UGA Today, January 18, 2015, https://news.uga.edu/vitamin-d-deficiency-linked-to-mental-health/.
26. Jessica Blaszczak, “10 Things You Didn’t Know About Seasonal Affective Disorder,” PsychCentral, May 17, 2016, https://psychcentral.com/lib/10-things-you-dont-know-about-seasonal-affective-disorder.
27. Claudio N. Soares and Brook Zitek, “Reproductive Hormone Sensitivity and Risk for Depression across the Female Life Cycle: A Continuum of Vulnerability?” Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 33, no. 4 (July 2008): 331–43, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440795/.
28. J. M. Eagles, “Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Vestigial Evolutionary Advantage?” Medical Hypotheses 63, no. 5 (2004): 767–72, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15488644/.
29. Ibid.
30. “Depression,” National Institute of Mental Health, February 2018, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml.
31. “Seasonal Affective Disorder.”
32. Simon N. Young, “How to Increase Serotonin in the Human Brain Without Drugs,” Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 32, no. 6 (November 2007): 394–99, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2077351/.
33. Mark Mikulka, “The Ultimate Guide to Light Measurement,” Lumitex, June 19, 2018, https://www.lumitex.com/blog/light-measurement.
34. Carla Lanca et al., “The Effects of Different Outdoor Environments, Sunglasses, and Hats on Light Levels: Implications for Myopia Prevention,” Translational Vision Science & Technology 8, no. 4 (July 2019): 7, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6
656201/.
35. Mathias Adamsson, Thorbjörn Laike, and Takeshi Morita, “Annual Variation in Daily Light Exposure and Circadian Change of Melatonin and Cortisol Concentrations at a Northern Latitude With Large Seasonal Differences in Photoperiod Length,” Journal of Physiological Anthropology 36 (2017): 6, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4952149/.
36. Young, “How to Increase Serotonin in the Human Brain.”
37. Christopher Klein, “8 Things You May Not Know About Daylight Saving Time,” History,com, October 26, 2020, https://www.history.com/news/8-things-you-may-not-know-about-daylight-saving-time.
38. Ibid.
39. Matthew J. Kotchen and Laura E. Grant, “Does Daylight Saving Time Save Energy? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Indiana,” National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2008, https://www.nber.org/papers/w14429.
40. “Daylight Saving Time: 4 Tips to Help your Body Adjust,” Cleveland Clinic, February 28, 2020, https://health.clevelandclinic.org/daylight-savings-time-change-4-tips-to-help-your-body-adjust/.
41. Melinda A. Ma and Elizabeth H. Morrison, “Neuroanatomy, Nucleus Suprachiasmatic,” StatPearls (July 31, 2020), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546664/.
42. “Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD),” American Psychiatric Association, October 2020, https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/seasonal-affective-disorder.
43. Ibid.
44. Kelly J. Rohan et al., “Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy vs. Light Therapy for Preventing Winter Depression Recurrence: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial,” Trials 14 (2013): 82, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3652773/.
45. “Seasonal Affective Disorder: More Than the Winter Blues,” American Psychological Association, 2014, https://www.apa.org/topics/depression/seasonal-affective-disorder.
46. “Hippocrates Media: Winter Blues—Seasonal Affective Disorder,” Facebook post, October 9, 2016, https://www.facebook.com/303503566446606/posts/925419130921710/.
47. Norman Rosenthal, MD, “A Sneak Peek at the Paperback Version of Transcendence,” blogpost, July 27, 2012, https://www.normanrosenthal.com/blog/2012/07/sneak-peak-transcendence-paperback/.
48. “Transcendental Meditation Technique,” Wikipedia, June 21, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation_technique.
49. Sharon, “The Ultimate Mindfulness Meditation Guide for Beginners,” Learn Relaxation Techniques, https://learnrelaxationtechniques.com/how-to-do-transcendental-meditation-step-by-step/.
50. Martin Luenendonk, “These Are the 10 Most Exciting Mantras for Meditation,” Cleverism, September 25, 2019, https://www.cleverism.com/mantras-for-meditation/.
51. “Mantra Meaning,” Soul Yoga, https://soulyoga.teachable.com/courses/monthly-mantra/lectures/13420233.
52. Sharon, “The Ultimate Mindfulness Meditation Guide for Beginners.”
ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 7
Εξάρσεις Αυτοάνοσων
1. Tessa Love, “Why Are Autoimmune Diseases on the Rise?” Elemental, April 10, 2019, https://elemental.medium.com/autoimmunity-is-a-disorder-of-our-time-a7f1c45d6907.
2. “Autoimmune Disease . . .” American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association, Inc., https://www.aarda.org/news-information/statistics/.
3. “Progress in Autoimmune Diseases Research,” National Institutes of Health, March 2005, https://www.niaid.nih.gov/sites/default/files/adccfinal.pdf.
4. Carly Ray and Xue Ming, “Climate Change and Human Health: A Review of Allergies, Autoimmunity, and the Microbiome,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (July 4, 2020): 4814, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32635435/.
5. Emily Sheng, “Did Climate-Changing Pollution Give Me Lupus?” Tampa Bay Times, November 22, 2019, https://www.tampabay.com/opinion/2019/11/22/did-climate-changing-pollution-give-me-lupus-column/.
6. Chan-Na Zhao et al., “Emerging Role of Air Pollution in Autoimmune Diseases,” Autoimmunity Reviews 18, no. 6 (June 2019): 607–14, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30959217/.
7. Jayson MacLean, “Air Pollution and Autoimmune Diseases Are Linked, Says Canadian Study,” Cantech Letter, January 9, 2016, https://www.cantechletter.com/2016/01/air-pollution-and-autoimmune-disease-linked-says-canadian-study/.
8. “Doctor S. M. Akerkar, Consultant Rheumatologist, Mumbai,” Arthritis Support Board, http://www.arthritissupportboard.com/AboutDrAkerkar.aspx.
9. Dr. S. M. Akerkar, “How Does Weather Affect Rheumatoid Arthritis?” blog post, Arthritis Support Board, September 4, 2011, https://doctorakerkar.wordpress.com/2011/09/04/how-does-weather-affect-rheumatoid-arthritis/.
10. “What Is Arthritis?” Arthritis Foundation, https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/about-arthritis/understanding-arthritis/what-is-arthritis.
11. Homepage, Cloudy With a Chance of Pain, https://www.cloudywithachanceofpain.com/.
12. Erik Timmermans et al., “The Influence of Weather Conditions on Joint Pain in Older People with Osteoarthritis: Results from the European Project on Osteoarthritis,” Journal of Rheumatology 42, no. 10 (September 2015), https://www.researchgate.ne/publication
/281518431_The_Influence_of_Weather_Conditions_on_Joint_Pain_in_Older_People_with_Osteoarthritis_Results_from_the_European_Project_on_OSteoArthritis.
13. Dr. Rothbard, “Cold Weather’s Impact on Autoimmune Disease Flares,” American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association, Inc., October 25, 2013, https://www.aarda.org/cold-weather-impact-autoimmune-disease-flares/.
14. Ibid.
15. Charlotte Hilton Andersen, “Cold Weather Joint Pain: 15 Tips for Managing It,” Creaky Joints, November 22, 2019, https://creakyjoints.org/living-with-arthritis/cold-weather-joint-pain-arthritis/.
16. Ibid.
17. “Layers of the Skin,” National Cancer Institute, https://www.training.seer.cancer.gov/melanoma/anatomy/layers.html.
18. “About Psoriasis,” National Psoriasis Foundation, https://www.psoriasis.org/about-psoriasis/.
19. “Psoriasis Statistics,” National Psoriasis Foundation, https://www.psoriasis.org/psoriasis-statistics/.
20. “Can Weather Affect Your Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis?” WebMD, May 20, 2021, https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/psoriatic-arthritis/psa-weather-changes.
21. “Active and Mindful Lifestyles,” National Psoriasis Foundation, https://www.psoriasis.org/active-and-mindful-lifestyles/.
22. Varsha Vats, “World Psoriasis Day 2020: Follow These Expert Recommended Tips to Manage Psoriasis during Upcoming Winter,” NDTV, October 29, 2020, https://www.ndtv.com/health/world-psoriasis-day-follow-these-expert-recommended-tips-to-manage-psoriasis-during-upcoming-winter-2317456.
23. “Thawing the Fact from Fiction behind Winter Flares,” National Psoriasis Foundation, https://www.psoriasis.org/advance/thawing-the-fact-from-fiction-behind-winter-flares/.
24. “Phototherapy,” National Psoriasis Foundation, https://www.psoriasis.org/
phototherapy/.
25. “Does Light Therapy (Phototherapy) Help Reduce Psoriasis Symptoms?” InformedHealth.org, May 18, 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK435696/.
26. K. Rappersberger et al., “Photosensitivity and Hyperpigmentation in Amiodarone-Treated Patients: Incidence, Time Course, and Recovery,” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 93, no. 2 (August 1989): 201–9, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2754275/.
27. Sara Coughlin, “What Really Causes the Butterfly Rash in Lupus—and What to Do About It,” Health.com, March 15, 2019, https://www.health.com/condition/lupus/lupus-butterfly-rash.
28. “UV Exposure: What You Need to Know,” Lupus Foundation of America, June 7, 2021, https://www.lupus.org/resources/uv-exposure-what-you-need-to-know.
29. “Unlocking the Reasons Why Lupus Is More Common in Women,” Lupus Foundation of America, https://www.lupus.org/resources/unlocking-the-reasons-why-lupus-is-more-common-in-women.
30. “African Americans and Lupus,” Lupus Foundation of America, 2013, https://www.lupus.org/s3fs-public/Doc%20-%20PDF/Ohio/African%20Americans%20and%2
0Lupus.pdf.
31. Michelle Brandt, “Research Shows Why Lupus May Be More Common in Black, Asian People,” Scope, April 13, 2010, https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2010/04/13/lupus_finding/.
32. “Health Disparities in SLE,” Lupus Initiative, https://thelupusinitiative.org/slides/pdf/PP_HealthDisparities.pdf.
33. Wiley-Blackwell, “Oral Contraceptives Associated with Increased Risk of Lupus,” ScienceDaily, April 8, 2009, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090407130912.
htm.
34. University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, “Environmental Factors May Trigger Lupus Onset, Progression,” ScienceDaily, November 16, 2017, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171116142056.htm.
35. Katherine Lee, “Study Shows Changes in Weather, Environment May Indeed Affect Your Lupus Symptoms,” Everyday Health, November 10, 2019, https://www.everydayhealth.com/lupus/study-shows-changes-in-weather-environment-ma
y-indeed-affect-your-lupus-symptoms/.
36. Elisa Couto Gomes and Geraint Florida-James, “Lung Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Air Pollution,” IntechOpen.com, May 14, 2014, https://www.intechopen.com/books/lung-inflammation/lung-inflammation-oxidative-stress-and-air-pollution.
37. Marlene Cimons, “Why Rising Temperatures Could Make Life Harder for Lupus Patients,” PBS, December 3, 2019, https://www.pbs.org/wnet/peril-and-promise/2019/12/extreme-weather-will-hurt-lupus-patients/.
38. “10 Truths about UV Radiation,” Lupus Foundation of America, https://www.lupus.org/resources/10-truths-about-uv-radiation.
ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 8
Θερμότητα, Ύπνος και Μνήμη
1. Jose Guillermo Cedeño Laurent et al., “Reduced Cognitive Function during a Heat Wave among Residents of Non-Air-Conditioned Buildings: An Observational Study of Young Adults in the Summer of 2016,” PLoS Medicine 15, no. 7 (July 2018): e1002605, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6039003/.
2. Björn Rasch and Jan Born, “About Sleep’s Role in Memory,” Physiological Reviews 93, no. 2 (April 2013): 681–766, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3768102/.
3. University of Bern, “‘Goldilocks’ Neurons Promote REM Sleep,” ScienceDaily, June 19, 2019, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190619111248.htm.
4. Richard Boyce and Antoine Adamantidis, “REM Sleep on It!” Neuropsychopharmacology 42, no. 1 (January 2017): 375, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5143514/.
5. “Sleep On It: How Snoozing Strengthens Memories,” NIH News in Health, April 2013, https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2013/04/sleep-it.
6. Ibid.
7. Danielle Pacheco, “Memory and Sleep,” Sleep Foundation, November 13, 2020, https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/memory-and-sleep.
8. Brian Kahn, “Here’s How Much US Summers Have Warmed Since 1970,” Climate Central, June 3, 2014, https://www.climatecentral.org/news/us-summer-temperatures-climate-change-17510.
9. Inga Kiderra, “How Climate Change Makes Us All Lose Sleep,” University of California, June 5, 2017, https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/how-climate-change-makes-us-all-lose-sleep.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Alan Miller et al., “Chilling Prospects: Providing Sustainable Cooling for All,” Sustainable Energy for All, https://www.seforall.org/sites/default/files/SEforALL_CoolingForAll-Report_0.pdf.
13. Kiderra, “How Climate Change Makes Us All Lose Sleep.”
14. “Sleep and Sleep Disorder: Data and Statistics,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 2, 2017, https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/data_statistics.html.
15. “Optic Chiasma,” Healthline, January 21, 2018, https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/optic-chiasm#2.
16. “Take a Warm Bath 1–2 Hours Before Bedtime to Get Better Sleep, Researchers Find,” UT News, July 19, 2019, https://news.utexas.edu/2019/07/19/take-a-warm-bath-1-2-hours-before-bedtime-to-get-better-sleep-researchers-find/.
17. Shahab Haghayegh, “Want Better Sleep? Science Proves a Bath 1–2 Hours Before Bed Will Improve Your Sleep,” Thrive Global, August 5, 2019, https://thriveglobal.com/stories/want-better-sleep-science-proves-a-bath-1-2-hours-before-bed-will-improve-your-sleep/.
18. Terry Gross, “How the ‘Lost Art’ of Breathing Can Impact Sleep and Resilience,” NPR, May 27, 2020, https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/05/27/862963172/how-the-lost-art-of-breathing-can-impact-sleep-and-resilience.
19. Joel Jean, “I’m Living in a Carbon Bubble. Literally,” Medium, December 3, 2016, https://medium.com/@joeljean/im-living-in-a-carbon-bubble-literally-b7c391e8ab6.
20. P. Strøm-Tejsen et al., “The Effects of Bedroom Air Quality on Sleep and Next-Day Performance,” Indoor Air 26, no. 5 (October 2016): 679–86, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ina.12254#ina12254-bib-0015.
21. Kathryn M. Orzech et al., “Digital Media Use in the 2 h Before Bedtime Is Associated with Sleep Variables in University Students,” Computers in Human Behavior 55, no. A (February 2016): 43–50, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5279707/.
ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 9
Επιλογές Τροφίμων και Αποτυπώματα Άνθρακα
1. Phoebe Tran, “Food Biodiversity: Where Flavor and Sustainability Meet,” Food + Tech Connect, February 4, 2019, https://foodtechconnect.com/2019/02/04/food-biodiversity-flavor-sustainability-meet/.
2. Cheikh Mbow et al., “Food Security,” chapter 5 of the Special Report on Climate Change and Land, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/chapter/chapter-5/.
3. Agrilinks Team, “Linking Biodiversity Targets to Food System Sustainability: The Agrobiodiversity Index,” Agrilinks, January 29, 20202, https://www.agrilinks.org/post/linking-biodiversity-targets-food-system-sustainability.
4. Tran, “Food Biodiversity.”
5. Agrilinks Team, “Linking Biodiversity Targets to Food System Sustainability.”
6. “Natural Resources for Food System Activities,” FutureLearn, https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/food-systems-southeast-asia/0/steps/83755.
7. “The Disappearance of Biodiversity Crucial for Food & Agriculture,” Organic Without Boundaries, March 22, 2019, https://www.organicwithoutboundaries.bio/2019/03
/22/biodiversity-food-agriculture/.
8. Tariq Khokhar, “Chart: Globally, 70% of Freshwater Is Used for Agriculture,” World Bank Blogs, March 22, 2017, https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/chart-globally-70-freshwater-used-agriculture.
9. “UN Report Suggests Humans Should Adopt Plant-Based Diets to Fight Climate Change,” Vegan Food & Living, August 8, 2019, https://www.veganfoodandliving.com/news/un-report-says-humans-must-adopt-plant-based-diets-to-fight-climate-change/.
10. “Land Is a Critical Resource, IPCC Report Says,” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, August 8, 2019, https://www.ipcc.ch/2019/08/08/land-is-a-critical-resource_srccl/.
11. “Working Group II Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability,” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, https://www.ipcc.ch/working-group/wg2/.
12. “Peoples’ Climate Vote: Results,” United Nations Development Programme, https://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/km-qap/UNDP-Oxford-Peoples-Climate-Vote-Results.pdf.
13. Ibid.
14. “Earth Day Network and Yale Program on Climate Change Communication Present New Research on Consumer Food Habits Related to Climate Change,” Yale Program on Climate Change Communication, February 17, 2020, https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/news-events/earth-day-network-and-yale-program-on-climate-change-communication-present-new-research-on-consumer-food-habits-related-to-climate-change/.
15. Kathryn Asher et al., “Study of Current and Former Vegetarians and Vegans,” Humane Research Council, 2014, https://faunalytics.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Faunalytics_
Current-Former-Vegetarians_Full-Report.pdf.
16. Frank Mitloehner, “The Bogus Burger Blame,” CLEAR Center, February 12, 2021, https://clear.ucdavis.edu/blog/bogus-burger-blame.
17. “Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” Environmental Protection Agency, https:// www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions.
18. Sara Place, “Gassy Cows? Facts About Beef’s Carbon Emissions,” GreenBiz, May 14, 2018, https://www.greenbiz.com/article/gassy-cows-facts-about-beefs-carbon-emissions-sponsor
ed.
19. “Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) and the US Dairy Industry,” https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_the-sustainable-business-case-book/s14-03-greenhouse-gases-ghgs-and-the-.html.
20. “Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions.”
21. Ibid.
22. Henry Fountain, “Belching Cows and Endless Feedlots: Fixing Cattle’s Climate Issues,” New York Times, October 21, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/21/climate/beef-cattle-methane.html.
23. Quirin Schiermeier, “Global Methane Levels Soar to Record High,” Nature, July 14, 2020, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02116-8.
24. “Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM),” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, http://www.fao.org/gleam/results/en/.
25. “17 Organizations Promoting Regenerative Agriculture Around the Globe,” FoodTank, May 2018, https://foodtank.com/news/2018/05/organizations-feeding-healing-world-regenerative-agriculture-2/.
26. Kyra Blank, “Regenerative Ranching Could Solve Climate Change,” Regeneration International, September 20, 2020, https://regenerationinternational.org/2020/
09/20/regenerative-ranching-could-solve-climate-change/.
27. Richard Gray, “Why Soil Is Disappearing from Farms,” BBC, https://www.bbc.com/future/bespoke/follow-the-food/why-soil-is-disappearing-from-farms/.
28. Jeremy Hobson, “UN Report Links Soil Degradation to Climate Change,” WBUR, September 20, 2019, https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2019/09/20/soil-degradation-climate-change.
29. Adele Peters, “Is It Possible to Raise a Carbon-Neutral Cow?” Fast Company, July 24, 2019, https://www.fastcompany.com/90368127/is-it-possible-to-raise-a-carbon-neutral-cow.
30. Barry Estabrook, “This Man Wants You to Eat More Meat,” EW Content, http://ew.content.allrecipes.com/article/290723/this-man-wants-you-to-eat-more-meat.
31. Gabriel Popkin, “Can ‘Carbon Smart’ Farming Play a Key Role in the Climate Fight?” Yale Environment 360, March 31, 2020, https://e360.yale.edu/features/can-carbon-smart-farming-play-a-key-role-in-the-climate-fight.
32. Meg Wilcox, “To Meet Ambitious Emissions Goals, Large Food Companies Are Looking to Lock Carbon in Soil,” Smithsonian Magazine, February 19, 2021, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/meet-ambitious-emissions-goals-large-food-companies-are-looking-lock-carbon-soil-180977053/.
33. Cortney Ahern Renton, Claire Huntley Lafave, and Katie Sierks, “Farmers on the Front Lines of the Regenerative Agriculture Transition,” Conservation Finance Network, April 15, 2020, https://conservationfinancenetwork.org/2020/04/15/farmers-on-the-frontlines-of-the-regenerative-agriculture-transition.
34. Vernon Graham, “Australian Cattle Industry Has Cut Its Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Half,” Farmonline, May 21, 2019, https://www.farmonline.com.au/story/6135115/no-bull-beef-cattle-industry-is-cutting-its-carbon-footprint/.
35. Angus Verley et al., “Carbon Neutral Livestock Production—Consumers Want It and Farmers Say It Is Achievable,” ABC News (Australia), June 7, 2019, https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2019-06-08/carbon-neutral-livestock-achievable-by-2030-says-mla/11046592.
36. “The Global Staple,” Ricepedia, http://ricepedia.org/rice-as-food/the-global-staple-rice-consumers.
37. “Climate Change Scientist Joins the Columbia Mailman School,” Public Health Now, August 23, 2019, https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/public-health-now/news/climate-change-scientist-joins-columbia-mailman-school.
38. Shannon Gupta, “Climate Change Is Hurting US Corn Farmers—and Your Wallet,” CNN Money, April 21, 2017, https://money.cnn.com/2017/04/20/news/corn-farmers-climate-change/index.html.
39. “Derecho 2020 Path,” Healthy Weight Research Network, December 27, 2020, https://hwrn.org/4qrfe1o/derecho-2020-path-909ddc.
40. Natalina Sents, “How Much Did the Derecho Damage Iowa Agriculture?” Successful Farming, August 21, 2020, https://www.agriculture.com/news/crops/how-much-did-the-derecho-damage-iowa-agriculture.
41. “Extreme Weather Gets a Boost from Climate Change,” Environmental Defense Fund, https://www.edf.org/climate/climate-change-and-extreme-weather.
42. “Climate and . . .” Climate.gov, https://www.climate.gov/news-features/department/climate-and?page=1.
43. Laura Fornero, “How to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Your Coffee Habit,” Perfect Daily Grind, May 27, 2019, https://perfectdailygrind.com/2019/05/how-to-reduce-the-environmental-impact-of-your-coffee-habit/.
44. Judy Fleisher, “The Effect of Altitude on Coffee Flavor,” Scribblers Coffee Co., October 16, 2017, https://scribblerscoffee.com/blogs/news/the-effect-of-altitude-on-coffee-flavor.
45. “Bringing Children from Isolation to Education,” Project Alianza, https://www.projectalianza.org/why-the-coffeelands.
46. Scott, “How Does Elevation Affect the Taste of Coffee?” Driftaway Coffee, May 23, 2015, https://driftaway.coffee/elevation/.
47. “The Water Footprint of Your Coffee,” Catholic Relief Services: Coffeelands, September 11, 2012, https://coffeelands.crs.org/2012/09/302-the-water-footprint-of-your-coffee/.
48. Fábio M. DaMatta et al., “Why Could the Coffee Crop Endure Climate Change and Global Warming to a Greater Extent Than Previously Estimated?” Climatic Change 152 (2019): 167–78, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-018-2346-4.
49. “Coffee,” PlantVillage, https://plantvillage.psu.edu/topics/coffee/infos.
50. Bonnie Rochman, “Coffee Farming Adapts in the Face of Climate Change,” Starbucks Stories, June 21, 2018, https://stories.starbucks.com/stories/2018/coffee-farming-adapts-in-the-face-of-climate-change/.
51. Oriana Ovalle Rivera, “Projected Shifts in Coffea arabica Suitability among Major Global Producing Regions Due to Climate Change,” PLoS One 10, no. 4 (April 2015): e0124155, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274699687_Projected_Shifts_in_Coffea_arabica_Suitability_among_Major_Global_Producing_Regions_Due_to_Climate_Change.
52. “Fairtrade Certified Coffee,” Fairtrade America, https://www.fairtradeamerica.org/shop-fairtrade/fairtrade-products/coffee/.
53. Amy Shoenthal, “What Exactly Is Fair Trade, and Why Should We Care?” Forbes, December 14, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/amyschoenberger/2018/12/14/what-exactly-is-fair-trade-and-why-should-we-care/.
54. Jonathan A. Hare et al., “A Vulnerability Assessment of Fish and Invertebrates to Climate Change on the Northeast US Continental Shelf,” PLoS One 11, no. 2 (2016): e0146756, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0146756.
55. Maurice Tamman, “Special Report—Ocean Shock: Lobster’s Great Migration Sets Up Boom and Bust,” Reuters, October 30, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/oceans-tide-lobster-idINKCN1N428J.
56. David Barstow, “Scientists Are Mystified by Deaths of Lobsters in Long Island Sound,” New York Times, October 18, 1999, https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/18/nyregion/scientists-are-mystified-by-deaths-of-lobsters-in-long-island-sound.html.
57. Emily Greenhalgh, “Climate & Lobsters,” Climate.gov, October 6, 2016, https:// www.climate.gov/news-features/climate-and/climate-lobsters.
58. Ibid.
59. Laura Poppick, “Why Is the Gulf of Maine Warming Faster Than 99% of the Ocean?” Eos, November 12, 2018, https://eos.org/features/why-is-the-gulf-of-maine-warming-faster-than-99-of-the-ocean.
60. Greenhalgh, “Climate & Lobsters.”
61. “Understanding Sustainable Seafood,” National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/insight/understanding-sustainable-seafood.
62. “National Consumer Guide,” Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch, https://www.seafoodwatch.org/globalassets/sfw/pdf/guides/seafood-watch-national-guide.pdf.
63. Shelby Brown, “The 10 Most Instagrammed Foods and Drinks of All Time,” Spoon University, https://spoonuniversity.com/lifestyle/the-10-most-instagrammed-foods-and-drinks-of-all-time.
64. “How Much Water Does It Take to Grow an Avocado?” Danwatch, https://old.danwatch.dk/en/undersogelseskapitel/how-much-water-does-it-take-to-grow-an
avocado/.
65. “Santa Ana Wind Conditions Affect Avocado Tree Water Use,” California Avocado Commission, October 15, 2019, https://www.californiaavocadogrowers.com/articles/santa-ana-wind-conditions-affect-avocado-tree-water-use.
66. “Why Our Love for Avocados Is Not Sustainable,” Facebook post, Living Forests India, February 11, 2020, https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?id=101796587 972393&story_fbid=135831454568906.
67. “5 of Your Favorite Foods Threatened by Climate Change,” Rainforest Alliance, June 25, 2019, https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/articles/5-favorite-foods-youre-about-to-lose-to-climate-change.
68. Michon Scott, “Climate & Chocolate,” Climate.gov, February 10, 2016, https://www.climate.gov/news-features/climate-and/climate-chocolate.
69. “Climate Change & Cacao Farmers . . . Recipe for Disaster??” Chocolate Class, May 3, 2019, https://chocolateclass.wordpress.com/2019/05/03/climate-change-cacao-farmers-recipe-for-disaster/.
70. Scott, “Climate & Chocolate.”
71. “Sample Records for Cacao Criollo Porcelana,” Science.gov, https://www.science.gov/topicpages/c/cacao+criollo+porcelana.
72. “Cocoa,” Rainforest Alliance, https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/tags/chocolate.
73. “Farmers Market Talking Points,” Farmers Market Coalition, 2016, https://farmersmarketcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/FMC_TalkingPoints_2016.
pdf.
74. “Global Food Losses and Food Waste,” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011, http://www.fao.org/3/mb060e/mb060e00.htm.
75. “Fight Climate Change by Preventing Food Waste, World Wildlife Fund, https:// www.worldwildlife.org/stories/fight-climate-change-by-preventing-food-waste.
76. Chad Frischmann, “Opinion: The Climate Impact of the Food in the Back of Your Fridge,” Washington Post, July 31, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/theworldpo
st/wp/2018/07/31/food-waste/.
77. “Chapter 5: Food Security,” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2019, https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/08/2f.-Chapter-5_FINAL.pdf.
78. “Worldwide Food Waste,” United Nations Environment Programme, https://www.unenvironment.org/thinkeatsave/get-informed/worldwide-food-waste.
79. Daisy Simmons, “A Brief Guide to the Impacts of Climate Change on Food Production,” Yale Climate Connections, September 18, 2019, https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2019/09/a-brief-guide-to-the-impacts-of-climate-chang
e-on-food-production/.
80. “Food Loss and Waste,” US Food & Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/food/consumers/food-loss-and-waste.
81. “Tips to Reduce Food Waste,” US Food & Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/food/consumers/tips-reduce-food-waste.
ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 10
Βιώσιμη Ευεξία
1. Becca Glasser-Baker, “Update: NYC Triathlon Canceled Due to Dangerous Heat,” Metro, July 16, 2019, https://www.metro.us/update-nyc-triathlon-cancelled-due-to-dangerous-heat/.
2. Stephen Wade, “Tokyo’s Summer Heat Forces Triathlon Test to Be Shortened,” Associated Press, August 15, 2019, https://apnews.com/article/a9da516f93244533842751820294a88c.
3. Laura Millan Lombrana, “Arctic Sea Ice Shrank to Record Lows in July,” Bloomberg, August 6, 2020, https://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/arctic-sea-ice-shrank-to-record-lows-in-july/ar-BB17E5fJ.
4. Kelly Kimball, “The Last Great Race,” Foreign Policy, April 27, 2020, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/27/iditarod-climate-change-alaska-last-great-race/#:~:te
xt=In%202007%2C%20some%2024%20mushers,prematurely%20for%20the%20same%20reasons.&text=A%20recent%20Arctic%20Report%20Card,winter%20temperatures%20in%20Alaska’s%20history.
5. “From Cricket to Yachting: Five Sports Events Disrupted by Bushfires,” Times of Malta, January 14, 2020, https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/from-cricket-to-yachting-five-sports-events-disrupted-by-bushfires.763428.
6. Jack M. Germain, “Fitness Products Shatter Online Sales Records during Lockdown,” E-Commerce Times, July 20, 2020, https://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/86762.html.
7. “Meet Keyword Explorer,” Moz, https://analytics.moz.com/pro/keyword-explorer/keyword/suggestions?locale=en-US&q=outdoor%20gym.
8. “Scarborough Southwest Adult Fitness Improvements,” City of Toronto, August 18, 2020, https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/planning-development/construction-new-facilities
/improvements-expansion-redevelopment/ward-20-scarborough-southwest-adult-fitness-improvements/.
9. Ed Wright, “Free Outdoor Gym Apparatus in Canton Looks Like Something Straight Out of The Jetsons,” Hometownlife.com, November 30, 2020, https://www.hometownlife.com/story/life/community/observer/canton/2020/11/30/futuristic-outdoor-gym-canton-township-funded-developer/6327765002/.
10. “Panthers and Lowe’s Build Unique Outdoor Fitness Space at Veterans Park in Charlotte,” Panthers.com, September 25, 2020, https://www.panthers.com/news/panthers-lowes-fitness-space-veterans-park.
11. Nick Obradovich and James H. Fowler, “Climate Change May Alter Human Physical Activity Patterns,” Nature Human Behaviour 1 (2017): 0097, https://nickobradovich.com/climatechange/climate-change-may-alter-human-physical-activity-patterns/.
12. Sarah Klein, “This Is What Happens to Your Body When You Exercise,” Huffpost, September 4, 2013, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/body-on-exercise-what-happens-infographic_n_3838293.
13. Ibid.
14. “The Process of Breathing,” Lumen Learning, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ap2/chapter/the-process-of-breathing-no-content/.
15. Klein, “This Is What Happens to Your Body.”
16. “What Is the Effect of Heat and Humidity on Athletic Performance?” blog post, Intermountain Helathcare, June 21, 2014, https://intermountainhealthcare.org/blogs/topics/sports-medicine/2014/06/what-is-the-effect-of-heat-and-humidity-on-athletic-performance/.
17. “How Hot Weather Can Affect Your Heart When You Exercise,” Cleveland Clinic, July 19, 2018, https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-hot-weather-can-affect-your-heart-when-you-exercise/.
18. “Your Lungs and Exercise,” Breathe 12, no. 1 (March 2016): 97–100, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818249/.
19. “How Hot Weather Can Affect Your Heart.”
20. “Exercise-Related Heat Exhaustion,” Johns Hopkins Medicine, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/exerciserelated-heat-exh
austion.
21. “Medical Alert! Climate Change Is Harming Our Health.”
22. Lindsey Barton Straus, JD, “High School Football Players Most Prone to Heat Illness, CDC Says,” MomsTeam.com, April 20, 2017, https://www.momsteam.com/heat-stroke/high-school-football-players-most-prone-heat-illness-CDC-study-says.
23. “Climate, Health, and Equity: A Policy Action Agenda,” ClimateHealthAction.org, https://climatehealthaction.org/media/cta_docs/PAA%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf.
24. “Medical Alert! Climate Change Is Harming Our Health.”
25. Ibid.
26. Susan Yeargin, PhD, ATC, “Do Children Handle Heat as Well as Adults?” MomsTeam.com, July 13, 2012, https://www.momsteam.com/health-safety/children-handle-heat-as-well-as-adults-studies-say.
27. “Heat Illness: Keeping Youth Sports Athletes Safe,” TrueSport.org, May 28, 2018, https://truesport.org/hydration/heat-illness-youth-sports/.
28. Olivia Rosane, “Wildfire Smoke Is More Toxic Than Other Forms of Air Pollution, Study Finds,” EcoWatch, March 8, 2021, https://www.ecowatch.com/wildfire-smoke-toxic-pollution-2650974582.html.
29. Jim Wilson, “Is It Safe to Exercise If the Air Is Hazy With Wildfire Smoke?” New York Times, September 29, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/23/well/move/is-it-safe-to-exercise-if-the-air-is-hazy-with-wildfire-smoke.html.
30. “Wildfire Smoke Has Immediate Harmful Health Effects: UBC Study,” University of British Columbia, June 24, 2020, https://news.ubc.ca/2020/06/24/wildfire-smoke-has-immediate-harmful-health-effects-ubc-study/.
31. Mike Hytner and Jonathan Howcroft, “Smoke Plays Havoc as Australian Open Qualifier Suffers Coughing Fit,” Guardian, January 13, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/jan/14/safety-first-as-australian-open-qualifying-delayed-due-to-poor-air-quality.
32. George Ramsay, John Sinnott, and Amanda Davies, “Dalila Jakupovic Hits Out at Australian Open Organizers after Bushfire Smoke Forces Her to Quit,” CNN, January 15, 2020, https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/14/tennis/australian-open-air-quality-spt-intl/index.html.
33. Emily H., “Wildfire Smoke Forces Players to Withdraw from Australian Open,” AmericanUpbeat.com, https://americanupbeat.com/sports/wildfire-smoke-forces-players-to-withdraw-from-australian-open.
34. “Power Output during Exercise,” blog post, Body Transform, http://bodytransform.co/Blog/Power+output+during+exercise.html.
35. “Power to Weight Ratio: Watts per Kilogram Explained and How to Boost Yours,” Cycling Weekly, February 3, 2020, https://www.cyclingweekly.com/fitness/training/the-importance-of-power-to-weight-and-how-to-improve-yours-164589.
36. Carly Stern, “The Fitness Industry Wants to Clean the Air,” OZY, September 26, 2019, https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/the-next-gym-frontier-air-purifying-workouts/
96642/.
37. Adam Boesel, “The World Needs to Learn the Value of a Watt,” CleanTechnica, December 17, 2015, https://cleantechnica.com/2015/12/17/the-world-needs-to-learn-the-value-of-a-watt/.
38. “The Future Has Arrived,” Green Microgym, https://www.thegreenmicrogym.com/electricity-generating-equipment-2/.
39. “The Story of the Green Microgym,” Green Microgym, https://www.thegreenmicrogym.com/the-story-of-the-green-microgym/.
40. “The World Is Made of Energy. Keep It Flowing!” Green Microgym, https://www.thegreenmicrogym.com/the-story-of-the-upcycle-eco-charger/.
41. Homepage, SportsArt, https://www.gosportsart.com/.
42. Shane McGlaun, “Researchers Create a Wearable Microgrid to Power Gadgets,” SlashGear, March 12, 2021, https://www.slashgear.com/researchers-create-a-wearable-microgrid-to-power-gadgets-12663428/.
43. Homepage, UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, https://jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/news/release/www.qualcomm.com.
44. Jennifer Chu, “Footwear’s (Carbon) Footprint,” MIT News, May 22, 2013, https://news.mit.edu/2013/footwear-carbon-footprint-0522.
45. Jessica Lyons Hardcastle, “Running Shoes’ Carbon Footprint ‘More than 60% Manufacturing,’” Environment + Energy Leader, May 23, 2013, https://www.environmentalleader.com/2013/05/running-shoes-carbon-footprint-more-tha
n-60-manufacturing/.
46. “Athletic Footwear Market Worth $95.14 Billion by 2025,” Grand View Research, April 2018, https://www.grandviewresearch.com/press-release/global-athletic-footwear-market.
47. Tansy E. Hoskins, “‘Some Soles Last 1,000 Years in Landfill’: The Truth about the Sneaker Mountain,” Guardian, March 21, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/mar/21/some-soles-last-1000-years-in-landfill-the-truth-about-the-sneaker-mountain.
48. Holly Hummel, “Do Just One Thing: Give Old Shoes New Life,” Recycling Advocates, August 23, 2018, http://www.recyclingadvocates.org/do-just-one-thing-give-old-shoes-new-life-aug-2018/.
49. “Runner’s World Shoe Donation,” Runner’s World, August 28, 2006, https://www.runnersworld.com/gear/a20850552/learn-how-to-donate-used-running-shoes/.
50. “The 2020 Conscious Fashion Report,” Lyst Insights, https://www.lyst.com/data/2020-conscious-fashion-report/.
51. Ibid.
52. “How Much Do Our Wardrobes Cost to the Environment?” World Bank, September 23, 2019, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/09/23/costo-moda-medio-ambiente.
53. Sonu Trivedi, “Sustainable Fashion Movement Explores Dark Side of the Industry,” WUSF Public Media, April 17, 2019, https://wusfnews.wusf.usf.edu/environment/2019-04-17/sustainable-fashion-movement-explores-dark-side-of-the-industry.
54. “Too Many Clothes? These 9 Reasons Show Why Your Closets Are Packed,” blog post, Organized Interiors, https://www.organizedinteriors.com/blog/too-many-clothes/.
55. Morgan McFall-Johnsen, “These Facts Show How Unsustainable the Fashion Industry Is,” World Economic Forum, January 31, 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/fashion-industry-carbon-unsustainable-environment-pollution/.
56. “Measuring Fashion: Insights from the Environmental Impact of the Global Apparel and Footwear Industries,” Quantis, https://quantis-intl.com/report/measuring-fashion-report/.
57. “A Guide to the Most and Least Sustainable Fabrics,” Eco-Stylist, June 4, 2020, https://www.eco-stylist.com/a-guide-to-the-most-and-least-sustainable-fabrics/.
58. Priscilla Greene, “Organic Cotton vs. Recycled Cotton—Sustainable Fashion’s Many Faces,” TotebagFactory.com, February 17, 2020, https://totebagfactory.com/blogs/news/organic-cotton-vs-recycled-cotton.
59. Ibid.
60. “Hemp: Facts on the Fiber,” OrganicClothing.blogs.com, December 7, 2005, https://organicclothing.blogs.com/my_weblog/2005/12/hemp_facts_on_t.html.
61. Caroline Lennon, “5 Eco-Friendly Fabrics to Have and to Hold,” One Green Planet, https://www.onegreenplanet.org/lifestyle/5-eco-friendly-fabrics-to-have-and-to-hold/.
62. “Fabrics,” Orange Fiber, http://orangefiber.it/en/fabrics/.
63. “Fabrics from Oranges—Interesting and Exciting,” Unnati Silks, https://www.unnatisilks.com/blog/fabrics-from-oranges-interesting-and-exciting/.
64. Ibid.
65. Homepage, Orange Fiber, http://orangefiber.it/en/.
66. Erik van Sebille, “How Much Plastic Is There in the Ocean?” World Economic Forum, January 12, 2016, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/how-much-plastic-is-there-in-the-ocean/.
67. “Fact Sheet: Single Use Plastics,” EarthDay.org, March 29, 2018, https://www.earthday.org/fact-sheet-single-use-plastics/.
68. “Conserve Water,” Boston University Sustainability, http://www.bu.edu/sustainability/how-to/conserve-water/.
Συμπεράσματα
1. “Racial Disparities and Climate Change,” Princeton Student Climate Initiative, August 15, 2020, https://psci.princeton.edu/tips/2020/8/15/racial-disparities-and-climate-change.